European countries with codetermination laws already have high baseline levels of worker involvement in decision making, rendering the potential impacts of codetermination laws moot.

"Second, European countries with codetermination laws have very high baseline levels of informal worker consultation and involvement in decision-making, stemming from an overall culture of cooperative industrial relations. Surveys suggest that in non-codetermined firms, workers are informally involved in major decisions to almost the same extent as worker representatives are in codetermined firms."