In Norway, workers moving into firms with codetermination experience a 4% increase in wages relative to former co-workers moving into firms without codetermination.

"On average, we find that workers moving into firms with worker representation experience a four percent increase in wages, compared with their former co-workers moving between firms without representation. Conversely, workers moving out of firms with worker representation experience, on average, a three percent drop in wages, compared with their former co-workers mov- ing between firms with representation."