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Consumption Taxes

Consumption taxes are taxes on spending on goods or services, such as a sales tax, or a value-added tax.
Funding a $12,000 UBI via consumption taxes would require a tax rate increase of 22%. A $12k/year UBI funded via a 22% increase in consumption taxes would contract both capital and output. A $12k/year UBI funded via consumption taxes raises utilitarian welfare by 0.12%
The Macroeconomic Effects of Universal Basic Income Programs
André Victor Doherty Luduvice
Basic Income
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