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Poverty

Despite consistent reductions in global poverty over the decades, even centuries, there remains a stubborn relationship between progress and the persistence of poverty.

In 2021, the poverty line for an individual was in income of $12,880 per year. The threshold rises to $17,420 for a two-person household, $21,960 for three, and $26,500 for four.

In 2019, the U.S. poverty rate was 10.5% (34 million Americans), down from 11.8% in 2018.
Findings are generally positive that UBI-type programs alleviate poverty and improve health and education outcomes and that the effects on labor market participation are minimal. Over 5 months of the expanded Child Tax Credit, the number of children kept from poverty each month grew from 3 million in July 2021 to 3.8 million in November 2021. 6 months into the expanded child tax credit, child poverty was reduced by more than 29%. Children with greater access to economic resources before age five experience an increase of 6% of a standard deviation (SD) in their adult human capital, 3% of a SD in their adult self-sufficiency, 8% of a SD in quality of their adult neighborhoods, 0.4% increase in longevity, and 0.5% decrease in likelihood of incarceration. A 1% land value tax in the UK could fund a UBI of £16 per week, reducing poverty by 20% and benefitting 70% of the population. Rapid land development is associated with loss of farmland and open space, higher costs of infrastructure and community services, roadway congestion, racial segregation, and concentrated poverty.
Guaranteed Income: SSI and the Well-Being of the Elderly Poor Guaranteed Income for the 21st Century The Costs of Being Poor: Inflation Inequality Expanding the Discourse on Antipoverty Policy: Reconsidering a Negative Income Tax The Economic Costs of Childhood Poverty in the US Changing Poverty and Changing Antipoverty Policies
Kathleen McGarry Kelly Capatosto Ari Glogower Kyle Strickland Naomi Zewde Darrick Hamilton Xavier Jaravel Sophie Collyer
Basic Income Land Value Tax
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