{"insight":{"id":"95060900","lede":"Survey data from nearly 300 Swedish managing directors was gathered from 1984, 1996, and 1998 to assess their experience with codetermination.","slug":"81-of-swedish-managing-directors-report-codetermination-does-not-hinder-effective","title":"81% of Swedish managing directors report codetermination does not hinder effective decision-making.","showTitleAsQuote":null,"epistemicStatus":"empirical","reports":[{"id":"69359365","title":"Codetermination","slug":"codetermination"}],"tags":[{"slug":"growth","name":"Growth","id":"23932836","lede":"

We define growth as the expansion of wealth in society; growth is about generating a "a bigger pie".

\n\n

Amidst debates over the merits of continued growth, we begin with the idea that all else equal, a society with growth, with more wealth, is preferable to one with less. Without growth, society becomes a zero-sum distributional game: anyone's gain is another's loss. Growth (all else equal) enables shared prosperity.

\n\n

But there is broad agreement that current measures of growth, such as GDP, are inadequate to the task of providing a suitable proxy to guide further growth. Whether devising improved measures that account for missing elements such as sustainability, equity, leisure time, or digital value, or constructing altogether new proxies (OECD's Better Life Index, for example), the conversation about how best to measure, and thus drive, equitable, regenerative, socially desirable growth is a rich field of debate.

\n","ledeExcerpt":"We define growth as the expansion of wealth in society; growth is about generating a \"a bigger pie\".\n\nAmidst debates over the merits of continued growth, we begin with the idea that *all else equal*, a society with growth, with more wealth, is preferable to one with less. Without growth, society becomes a zero-sum distributional game: anyone's gain is another's loss. Growth (all else equal) enables shared prosperity.\n\nBut there is broad agreement that current measures of growth, such as GDP, are inadequate to the task of providing a suitable proxy to guide further growth. Whether devising revised measures, such as Tyler Cowen's notion of wealth plus\" (GDP, plus measures of leisure time, household production, and environmental considerations), or constructing altogether new proxies (OECD's 'Better Life Index), the conversation about how best to measure, and thus drive, equitable, regenerative, socially desirable growth is a rich field of debate.","featured":true},{"slug":"efficiency","name":"Efficiency","id":"72743745","lede":"

In general, efficiency refers to maximizing outputs while minimizing inputs.

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In economic contexts, there are two main types of efficiency: microeconomic efficiency (where system efficiency is understood as maximizing a particular output given available inputs), and the efficient-market hypothesis (a state where asset prices reflect all available information).

\n","ledeExcerpt":"In general, efficiency refers to maximizing outputs while minimizing inputs. \n\nIn economic contexts, there are two main types of efficiency: microeconomic efficiency (where system efficiency is understood as maximizing a particular output given available inputs), and the efficient-market hypothesis (a state where asset prices reflect all available information).","featured":true},{"slug":"decision-making","name":"Decision-Making","id":"95060898","lede":"","ledeExcerpt":"","featured":null}],"sources":[{"id":"69648528","lede":"Survey studies from 1998, 1996, and 1984 suggest that Swedish codetermination has been well received by managers and labor representatives alike.","link":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0143831X00214003","slug":"codetermination-in-sweden-myth-and-reality","kind":"","title":"Codetermination in Sweden: Myth and Reality","year":"2000-01-01","researchers":[{"id":"69648527","location":"","name":"Klas Levinson","seoDescription":"","slug":"klas-levinson"}]}]}}