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Corporate Governance

Corporate governance describes "the processes, structures, and mechanisms that influence the control and direction of corporations" (Greg Shailer, 2018).

"Control" refers to how stakeholders and other external groups influence those who are responsible for decision-making, while "direction" refers to the guidance and management of the corporation.
German laws giving employees some management rights began during WWI, but were abolished by the Nazi Party. Prior to the 1982 SEC ruling that rolled back restrictions on open-market share repurchasing, companies buying back their shares potentially faced civil and criminal penalties for manipulating markets. The 1982 SEC rolling back of penalties for open-market share repurchasing, together with the 1992 changes that allowed for corporate pay to be tax deductible (and in the form of stock options), are seen as the primary cause of the rise in stock buybacks. Since March 2018, 57% of corporate tax savings from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act have gone to shareholders through stock buybacks or dividends, while only 20% have gone towards job creation commitments, and 6% to employees as wages, bonuses, or benefits. In 2021, 64% of Americans were dissatisfied with government regulation of business and industry. Impending one-third codetermination did not deter German incorporations of firms that would be impacted by the mandate.
CEO compensation has grown 940% since 1978 Voice at Work Codetermination in Sweden: Myth and Reality Codetermination: A Poor Fit for U.S. Corporations Codetermination and the Democratic State What Does Codetermination Do?
Julia Wolfe Lawrence Mishel Benjamin Schoefer Simon Jäger Jarkko Harju Klas Levinson Horst Eudenmueller Jens Dammann
Codetermination
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